Colonial Anti-Federalists; America’s Greatest Prophets

Commentary by Daniel Benson

   

            America is beset by an almost unending list of problems today which, basically, can be divided into three interrelated categories; social, political and economic. 

Without a doubt, our nation’s Founding Fathers would not recognize the nation which they fought and died for to establish. They would quickly recognize that the words “One nation, under God with liberty and justice for all” ring hollow. They would see a nation which allows all forms of evil in its midst yet claims to stand for righteousness. They would be outraged over the fact that the government they established has legalized the industry of killing our nation’s unborn. They would be appalled at the very thought that the Federal government and most, if not all of the states which they represented, in one form or another, have sanctioned sodomy. They would be more than angry over the subversion of people’s and states rights and up in arms over the power which the Federal and state governments have delegated themselves to tax, confiscate private property and establish unconstitutional, bureaucratic departments to control every aspect of our citizens’ lives.

 

What Happened?

 

            So, how did we get to where we are today?  Where did we go wrong?  Unfortunately, one of the primary reasons (which will more than likely come as a shock to all but a few readers of this article) may be found in one of the first official acts of the Continental Congress – the drafting of our original Constitution.

            First a little history. The ground war for our independence started on April 19, 1775 at Concord and Lexington and ended with the surrender of the British General Cornwallis to General Washington at Yorktown on October 19, 1781. The last naval battle of the war occurred in March of 1783 and, in September of that same year, the Treaty of Paris was signed where England recognized the independence of the United States East of the Mississippi River and ceded Florida to Spain.

            Keep in mind, from 1775 until 1781 the war for independence was raging.  During this time period there were 13 colonies (states) and in order to form a united front in their battle for independence from England some sort of workable government had to be established to bind them together.  In 1777 the first Continental Congress, comprised of representatives from each of the 13 colonies, met to draft and ratify a document which would serve that purpose. That governing document became known as The Articles of Confederation.  On November15, 1777 the Articles were finalized with the last state ratifying them in 1781.

            During the four years after the war it was decided that the Articles had served as a good foundation for governing the Union but lacked in many areas.  As a result, on February 21, 1787, Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, called for a Constitutional Convention.  In that declaration Congress called on delegates from all 13 states to come together to “amend” the Articles. The amended Articles were then to be ratified by each of the state legislatures and the Congress under Article XIII of the Articles.  Article XIII clearly stated that the Articles of Confederation were to be the supreme ruling document of the union and that whatever the Constitutional Convention put on paper (alterations to the Articles) were to be subservient to the Articles and had to be unanimously agreed upon by all 13 state legislatures and the Congress of the United States.

            The main issues before the Convention were clear. They were to establish workable executive and judicial branches, establish a common currency and taxation system, set regulations for commerce, provide for the laying and collecting of duties on imports and establish the authority to make treaties.

            In principle, the republican ideal of a federal government existing under the authority of the states was to be maintained. Such a governmental structure would prohibit a centralization of power that could lead to tyranny. This was the republican ideal that Americans bled and died for in their fight for independence.

 

Good Intentions Go Wrong

 

            Unfortunately what happened at the Convention was a travesty. The great and true Christian Patriot, Patrick Henry said; “The convention overstepped its bounds” and “I smell a rat”!  Instead of just “amending” the Articles of Confederation, the Articles were completely scrapped in violation of the Convention’s charter. The new document (our original Constitution) was to be ratified not by Congress and the state legislatures as mandated by the Articles of Confederation, but by the people through State Constitutional Conventions under Article VII of the newly drafted Constitution.

            The republican principal of a two-tiered government where the federated states operated as checks and balances on the central government was abandoned.  The new centralized Federal government established its own checks and balances and the states were subjected to the supreme authority of the Federal government. Articles 1.8 and 2.2 of the Constitution were so written that they have become the foundation for Federal authority over the states and their citizens in almost every aspect of daily life.

            Does this make our original and present Constitutions unlawful documents? Doesn't it seem odd that a republic’s first act in ratifying its own governing document bypassed the representative bodies of the republic -- Congress and the state legislatures?  In doing so, did not those who favored a centralized Federal government facilitate a direct democracy in their appeal to the people?  A direct democracy was something which many of the Founders specifically warned against because they new full well that it would lead to chaos and the eventual self-destruction of the country.

            The framers of the Constitution deliberately made an end run around the state and congressional ratification systems because they knew that what they had drafted was clearly not what the Congress and the state legislatures had authorized them to do and knew full well that it would not be ratified by the states and Congress.  Is this not a spirit of rebellion against authority? 

 

Federalists v. Anti-Federalists

 

            Some of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were so outraged over the final document that they refused to sign it. Others signed with great reservations. This rift split the delegation into two groups. The Federalist, who supported the new Constitution and the Anti-Federalist who opposed the document. The debate became so heated that some in the Anti-Federalist camp talked of taking up arms if the Constitution was ratified in its current state. But Patrick Henry persuaded his like-minded true Christian patriots to work for amendments which he felt would over rule the inherent centralization of power in the Constitution. These amendments became known as the, Bill of Rights.

            Out of this ratification process, came the first great media blitz in a battle to win the hearts and minds of the American people. This played itself out in the distribution of the, Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers. The Anti-Federalists wrote over 85 articles from November 26, 1787 to February 20, 1788. 

            The Federalists Papers argued that the Constitution would solve all our ills and create a more perfect union.  If it were not ratified the result would be chaos.  They argued that once the Constitution was ratified, it could always be amended after the fact. Forced slavery did not need to be outlawed and there should be no religious test for office, out of the fear of religious tyranny.

            Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Hamilton and Franklin all opposed the Bill of Rights. They feared that it would just be the beginning of a non-ending list of rights people would claim under the Constitution. They held that the definition of terms and vague statements of government powers, as stated in the Constitution, did not need to be clearly defined because it was argued that they would be commonly understood. Natural law and common sense rationalism would rule. The document would change for the better with usage and the passage of time.

            Obviously the Federalists were heavily influenced by the pop culture of their time. This pop culture was shaped by; The Enlightenment, Lockean Philosophies and Thomas Paine’s, avocation of common sense in his book, Age of Reason.  Today we would call it humanism.   

            The Anti-Federalist Papers refuted those arguments and in doing so, proved their wisdom by prophesizing the future of our nation under this Constitution. History would prove the Anti-Federalist's arguments were based on truth.

            The following are some of the issues addressed by the Anti-Federalist that show they had a better biblical understanding of the fallen nature of man. Based on current events, I think you will find all of these truths to be self-evident:

 

* The Constitution would benefit only the Aristocrats. (The elite, the wealthy and powerful have consolidated power in the hands of the few.)

                                                                                                                                               

* The Constitution would lead to civil war. (Which came to pass in just 84 years after the signing of the document.)

 

* Slavery would be abolished. (How much further along in race relations would we be today if we had an 80 year head start in the abolition of slavery.)                                                                

 

* Unabated foreign influence. (Remember the elections of the Clinton Administration?)

 

* The loss of individual liberty and property rights. (All of us can attest to this problem.)

 

* State authority will ultimately and completely be subverted. (Another self-evident truth.)  

 

* The President would be like a king over the military. (Congress has conducted all wars since WWII without a declaration of war.)

 

* No real restraint on the power to tax. (Think of our current tax rates and government glut.)

 

* No real restraint on the power to make treaties. (Remember NAFT, GAT and other U.N. Treaties?)

 

* Checks and Balances in the Constitution were insufficient and would lead to tyranny and the

loss of individual and states rights. (Half of all voters don’t vote because they believe their votes don’t count or effect government policy.)       

 

* No religious test would result in leaders who would be pagans of every kind and deists. (Ten of the 13 Colonies had biblically based religious tests to be in government and look at the moral character of many members of Congress today.)

             

* The lack of a Bill of Rights would definitely lead to tyranny. (Think of where we would be today as a nation and a people if it were not for the Bill of Rights.)      

 

* The power of the judiciary would be unchecked. (Today we have an unrestrained Supreme Court which has taken it upon itself to legislate from the bench.)

 

            History tells us that the Federalists won the day and how the majority of the American people were influenced by the pop culture of the time. The only victory for the Anti-Federalists was the adoption of the Bill of Rights. But in the light of present day events, this seems a hollow victory.  It appears that our friends like Patrick Henry were satisfied that the Bills of Rights would be sufficient to maintain a balance of power and prevent tyranny. History has proved them all wrong on this one issue.

            Now the question is, where do we go from here?  And with God’s help, how do we proceed?   I believe the first step is what I have attempted to do in this article. We need an honest assessment of where we have come from so we have a solid foundation to build a plan for the future.  The Bible relates its history and it’s heroes with the good, the bad and the ugly. This is how we know the Bible is true and the Word of God. When humans write history there is always a spin and slant to the narrative.  On the one hand we’ve had secular historians ignore our Christian heritage all together.  On the other hand we’ve had Christian historians who have played the same game to counter the secular humanist.

In Pat Buchanan’s book, Death of the West, he argues that we need to maintain a “mythology” about our Founding Fathers, holding them up like epic heroes being larger than real life.  I strongly disagree with this point of view. Without a solid and honest view of history including the mistakes of the past, we are doomed to repeat those same mistakes or have solutions that will not deal with the real issues.  If we are not honest about our past, we are doomed to build our future not based on truth, but on a foundation of sand.  As Jesus said in Mathew 7:26-27; “a foolish man who built his house on the sand. The rain fell, and the floods came, and the winds blew and slammed against that house; and it fell—and great was its fall.”

            I would like to quote from my American Christian Hero, Patrick Henry in his speech to the Virginia Constitutional Ratifying Convention. “When the American spirit was in its youth, the language of America was different. Liberty, Sir, was then the primary object. We are descended from a people whose Government was founded on liberty. Our glorious forefathers of Great Britain made liberty the foundation of everything. That country is become a great, mighty and splendid nation; not because their Government is strong and energetic but, Sir, because liberty is its direct end and foundation. We drew the spirit of liberty from our British ancestors; by that spirit we have triumphed over every difficulty. But now, Sir, the American spirit, assisted by the ropes and chains of consolidation, is about to convert this country to a powerful and mighty empire. If you make the citizens of this country agree to become the subjects one great consolidated empire of America, your Government will not have sufficient energy to keep them together. Such a Government is incompatible with the genius of republicanism. There will be no checks, no real balances, in this Government. What can avail your specious imaginary balances, your rope-dancing, chain-rattling, ridiculous ideal checks and contrivances?”

 

Conclusion

 

            God’s blessings to Israel depended upon the people’s willingness to listen to and obey its prophets. It is indeed unfortunate that our forefathers did not listen to our Anti-Federalist prophets. It is even more unfortunate that we have strayed far from the biblical principles upon which our nation was founded. Keep in mind, when our nation was first formed many of the charters of the original colonies evoked the name of Christ and made God’s Will and evangelism of the Gospel as their purpose for existence. In my opinion, it will take nothing less than our entire country turning to God in true repentance and God's merciful grace to save our nation.

 

Daniel Benson is a former Marine Corps Captain with a Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education from the University of New Orleans.  Mr. Benson also spent a year of foreign study in International Government and Politics at Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan. He is presently a law enforcement officer with the City of Bridgeton, MO.